Unit Converter: Length, Area, Volume, Weight & Temperature
1 inch is exactly 2.54 cm, 1 foot 0.3048 m, 1 mile 1.609344 km, 1 pound 0.45359237 kg and 1 US gallon 3.785411784 liters; °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. For DIY projects, 1 cubic yard is 27 cubic feet (0.7645549 m³) and a cubic yard of gravel weighs about 1.4 US tons. Below: 10 feet = 3.048 meters.
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Exact conversion factors
| Unit | Equals | Why |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inch | 2.54 centimeters | Exact: the international inch (1959) |
| 1 foot | 0.3048 meters | Exact: 12 inches |
| 1 yard | 0.9144 meters | Exact: 3 feet |
| 1 mile | 1.609344 kilometers | Exact: 5,280 feet |
| 1 nautical mile | 1.852 kilometers | Exact: defined as 1,852 m |
| 1 square foot | 0.09290304 square meters | Exact: (0.3048 m)² |
| 1 acre | 4,046.8564224 square meters | Exact: 43,560 square feet |
| 1 hectare | 2.471054 acres | Rounded: 10,000 m² ÷ 4,046.8564224 m² |
| 1 US gallon | 3.785411784 liters | Exact: 231 cubic inches |
| 1 imperial gallon | 4.54609 liters | Exact: UK definition |
| 1 US fluid ounce | 29.5735295625 milliliters | Exact: 1/128 US gallon |
| 1 cubic foot | 28.316846592 liters | Exact: (0.3048 m)³ |
| 1 cubic yard | 0.764554857984 cubic meters | Exact: 27 cubic feet |
| 1 pound | 0.45359237 kilograms | Exact: the international pound (1959) |
| 1 ounce | 28.349523125 grams | Exact: 1/16 pound |
| 1 US (short) ton | 0.90718474 metric tonnes | Exact: 2,000 pounds |
| 1 long ton | 1.0160469088 metric tonnes | Exact: 2,240 pounds |
| 1 troy ounce | 31.1034768 grams | Exact: defined in grams |
Fahrenheit to Celsius and kelvin
| Fahrenheit | Celsius | Kelvin | What it is |
|---|---|---|---|
| -40 °F | -40 °C | 233.15 K | Where the two scales meet |
| 0 °F | -17.78 °C | 255.37 K | A very cold winter day |
| 32 °F | 0 °C | 273.15 K | Water freezes |
| 50 °F | 10 °C | 283.15 K | A cool day |
| 68 °F | 20 °C | 293.15 K | Room temperature |
| 72 °F | 22.22 °C | 295.37 K | A common thermostat setting |
| 98.6 °F | 37 °C | 310.15 K | Typical body temperature |
| 100 °F | 37.78 °C | 310.93 K | A very hot day |
| 212 °F | 100 °C | 373.15 K | Water boils (at sea level) |
| 350 °F | 176.67 °C | 449.82 K | Moderate oven |
| 400 °F | 204.44 °C | 477.59 K | Hot oven, for roasting |
| 450 °F | 232.22 °C | 505.37 K | Very hot oven |
Cubic yards to cubic feet, cubic meters and liters
| Cubic yards | Cubic feet | Cubic meters | Liters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 13.5 | 0.3823 | 382.277 |
| 1 | 27 | 0.7646 | 764.555 |
| 2 | 54 | 1.529 | 1,529.11 |
| 3 | 81 | 2.294 | 2,293.66 |
| 5 | 135 | 3.823 | 3,822.77 |
| 10 | 270 | 7.646 | 7,645.55 |
For a DIY or landscaping project
Bulk yards sell gravel and stone by the ton and soil and mulch by the cubic yard, while stores sell bags by the cubic foot. These pages and calculators use the same figures as the Construction & landscaping converter above.
- Cubic yards to tonsGravel, sand, topsoil and concrete, with tables both ways.
- Cubic yards to bagsHow many bags of mulch, soil, gravel or concrete make a yard.
- Square footage calculatorArea of a room or yard, in square feet and square meters.
- Gravel calculatorTons, cubic yards and bags for a path, patio or driveway.
How to convert units
- Pick what you are converting. Length, area, volume, weight, temperature, or construction and landscaping for cubic yards, tons and bags.
- Choose the two units. Set the From and To units. Swap turns the conversion around in one step.
- Type a number in either box. The other box updates as you type. Commas, decimals and fractions such as 3 1/2 all work.
- Check or share the result. The line under the boxes gives the factor used both ways. Copy the result, or copy a link that opens this same conversion.
Frequently asked questions
- How many centimeters are in an inch?
- Exactly 2.54. The inch has been defined as 2.54 cm since 1959, so 12 inches (1 foot) is exactly 30.48 cm and 1 cm is about 0.3937 inches.
- How do I convert pounds to kilograms?
- Multiply pounds by 0.45359237, or divide by about 2.2046. For example, 150 lb is 68.03886 kg. Going the other way, 1 kg is about 2.204623 lb.
- How do I convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
- Subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9: 68 °F is (68 − 32) × 5/9 = 20 °C. From Celsius, multiply by 9/5 and add 32. The two scales meet at −40, where −40 °F and −40 °C are the same temperature.
- What is the difference between a US ton, a metric tonne and a long ton?
- A US (short) ton is 2,000 lb, a metric tonne is 1,000 kg (about 2,204.6 lb) and a long ton, used in the UK, is 2,240 lb. So a metric tonne is about 10% heavier than a US ton. Gravel and stone yards in the US sell by the short ton.
- Is a US gallon the same as an imperial gallon?
- No. A US gallon is 231 cubic inches (3.785 liters); an imperial (UK) gallon is 4.54609 liters, about 1.20095 US gallons. US and UK pints and fluid ounces differ too.
- How many square feet are in a square meter?
- About 10.76391. A square foot is exactly 0.09290304 m², so to go from square feet to square meters multiply by 0.0929; an acre is 43,560 square feet, about 4,047 m².
- How many tons is a cubic yard of gravel?
- About 1.4 US tons (2,800 lb) for typical gravel and crushed stone, the figure the gravel calculator uses. Pick Construction & landscaping above to convert any amount, or see the cubic yards to tons converter for sand, topsoil, river rock and concrete.
How it works
Every conversion goes through the unit’s exact definition in metric units: the inch is 2.54 cm and the pound 0.45359237 kg (the 1959 international yard and pound), a US gallon is 231 cubic inches, a short ton 2,000 lb and an imperial gallon 4.54609 liters. The foot is the international foot; the US survey foot, very slightly longer, was retired on January 1, 2023. Temperatures convert by formula, and nothing converts below absolute zero. Results show up to 7 significant figures with thousands separators, and the line under the boxes gives the full factor both ways. Weight from volume (cubic yards of gravel to tons) cannot be exact: it goes through a typical density for the material, the same figure the matching calculator uses, so those results say “about”.
Sources
- NIST Special Publication 811 (2008), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, Appendix B: conversion factors
- NIST Handbook 44 (current edition), Appendix C: General Tables of Units of Measurement
- NIST: the US survey foot was deprecated on January 1, 2023; the international foot (0.3048 m) is used everywhere
- UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1 (imperial gallon = 4.54609 cubic decimetres)
- BIPM, The International System of Units (SI Brochure, 9th edition): the kelvin, and 0 °C = 273.15 K
More free tools
- Cubic Yards to TonsConvert cubic yards to tons and back for gravel, sand, topsoil, river rock and concrete, with weight-per-yard tables for each material.
- Cubic Yards to BagsHow many bags make a cubic yard: 0.5 to 3 cu ft bags of mulch, soil, gravel or sand, and 40, 60 or 80 lb concrete mix bags, both ways.
- Feet and Inches CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply and divide lengths like 5' 7 3/8" with exact fractions, rounded to 1/16 inch, plus decimal feet, mm and cm and a tape view.
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- Square Footage CalculatorCalculate the square footage of a room from its length and width, with fields to subtract closets or other cutouts. A 12 × 14 ft room is 168 sq ft.
- Gravel CalculatorGet gravel in tons, cubic yards and bags. 1 cubic yard ≈ 1.4 tons; 1 ton ≈ 0.71 cu yd (19 cu ft) and covers about 77 sq ft at 3 in deep.
- Concrete Slab CalculatorCalculate how many bags of concrete you need to pour a slab for a floor, shed, or foundation pad, with waste built in.
- Pool Volume CalculatorGallons and litres in a round, rectangular, oval or freeform pool from its size and water depth, with the time to fill at your flow rate and size tables.
- Firewood Cord CalculatorCords, cubic feet and cubic metres in a stack of firewood from its length, height and piece length, plus the true price per cord from a face cord quote.
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